Arroyo Willow– The Arroyo Willow grows in riparian Areas. It is located near permanent sources of fresh water and they can end up losing leaves in a summer drought. This was important to the Kumeyaay because it indicated where a fresh source of water was. They are green and look like the end of a bush. Some of the stems have what it looks to be white fuzz on the end of them. Arroyo Willow also contain Salicin, the same compound that is in aspirin. “The pollen-releasing male catkins are yellow (“yellow = fellow”), while the seed-producing catkins are green (“green = girl”)”.
Bush Sunflower– A bush sunflower is usually found in a garden as well as out in the wild. It is one of the most dominant species in our coastal sage scrub vegetation. They lose a lot of leaves during the summer especially if it is dry, but as winter and rainfall comes along, the bush grows larger and has more bright yellow sunflowers. Either way it will remain green and have sunflowers all throughout the year.
California Poppy- California Poppy is one of my favorite flowers. It has been the state flower for over a hundred years now. They are bright bright yellow. The flower can also open and close. It is open when there is sunshine and mostly during the day. However, the Poppies can close during the evening and cloudy days. When the flower is ready to open, the “dunce cap” pops off as well.
Lemonade Berry- Lemonade Berry is very common in the coastal sage scrub and chaparrals. “The leaves are thick and waxy, which reduces transpiration, allowing it to remain green during our long dry summers.” The size of the pink flowers are about as big as corn kernels. The white coating on the red seeds are gooey and sour like a lemon, which is how it got the name Lemonade Berry. The Kumeyaay would brew this plant into their tea and it would give it a sour taste.
Mexican Elderberry- The Mexican Elderberry is very common and growns wherever there is some fresh water available. They are open green shrubs and the leaves, stems, and green berries are toxic. The elderberry’s were still eating however, and it became a very medicinal plant for Native Americans. This plant was also used to make jams and wines.
Wild Cucumber- Wild Cucumber are another one of my favorite plants. The Wild Cucumber is a relative to an actual cucumber and watermelon on squash as well. They grown from vines and look like little green spike balls. The plant was used to stun fish and Native Americans would use this as a tool to fish. They would toss pieces of pulverized roots into the pond and the fish would get stunned by them, making it easy for them to catch the fish. The biggest root of Wild Cucumber was in the Ranch Santa Ana Botanic Gardens and it weighed up to 467 pounds.